The safety and long-term health effects of using e-cigarettes or other vaping products still aren’t well known. In September 2019, federal and state health authorities began investigating an outbreak of a severe lung disease associated with e-cigarettes and other vaping productsTrusted Source. We’re closely monitoring the situation and will update our content as soon as more information is available.
Vaping, the act of vaporizing a liquid to inhale, is an increasingly popular alternative to cigarette smoking. However, it could damage health by irritating the lungs and throat and introducing toxins into the body.
Some vape product manufacturers claim that nutrohaler is a completely safe alternative to smoking. However, early research into the safety of the practice suggests this is not the case. In fact, it appears that vaping, even without nicotine, can have harmful effects on the body.
This article discusses the current research on the side effects of vaping without nicotine.
What is e-liquid?
E-liquid refers to the liquid that vape devices or electronic cigarettes vaporize. People may also call it e-juice or vape juice. The side effects that a person experiences when vaping depend partly on the type of e-liquid they use.
The specific components of e-liquids vary among brands and products. The base liquid is generally a blend of ingredients such as water, vegetable glycerine, and propylene glycol. Manufacturers then add different flavorings or additives to this mixture to create a particular flavor.
Many of these ingredients have a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)Trusted Source certification — a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation — for use in food products. However, the vaping process heats and vaporizes these ingredients, and there is little research that suggests food-grade ingredients are safe for vaping.
Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source state that vape aerosol can contain dangerous substances aside from nicotine, including:
diacetyl, which has links to lung disease – heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead – other volatile organic compounds
Effects
Vaping without nicotine prevents nicotine dependence and other side effects that have an association with nicotine.
However, vaping without nicotine can also cause side effects, including those below.
General toxicity
Many of the chemicals in e-liquids may have toxic effects on the body. A 2012 laboratory study found that these effects were due not to nicotine but to the chemicals that manufacturers use to flavor e-liquids. Importantly, this was also the case for e-liquids that consisted of food-grade ingredients.
A 2015 study showed that heating the propylene glycol and glycerol in e-liquids creates compounds that release formaldehyde. According to the International Agency for Research, formaldehyde is a Group 1 carcinogen, meaning that it has the potential to cause cancer. A more recent study investigated the effects of e-liquid on young vape users.
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